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GATE 2025 MA – Question 52

Partial Differential Equations · Heat and Wave Equations · 2 marks · Multiple select

u_t=2u_xx on 0<x<1,t>0 with zero endpoint values and u(x,0)=2x(1−x). Which statements hold?

  1. 0≤u≤1/4 for all t≥0,x∈[0,1].
  2. u(x,t)=u(1−x,t).
  3. ∫₀¹u² dx decreases with t.
  4. ∫₀¹u² dx does not decrease with t.

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Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: (B) u(x,t)=u(1−x,t).; (C) ∫₀¹u² dx decreases with t.

Explanation

Initial maximum is 1/2 at x=1/2, refuting A. Initial data and boundaries are reflection symmetric; uniqueness proves B. Integration by parts yields $d\int u^2dx/dt=4\int uu_{xx}dx=-4\int u_x^2dx<0$ for the nonzero solution, proving C and refuting D. **B,C**.

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