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GATE 2021 MA – Question 51

Topology · Topological Spaces and Constructions · 2 marks · Multiple choice

On ℝ let T₁ be the upper-limit topology with basis (a,b], T₂ the cofinite topology and T₃ the usual topology with basis (a,b). Which inclusion order holds?

  1. T₂⊂T₃⊂T₁
  2. T₁⊂T₂⊂T₃
  3. T₃⊂T₂⊂T₁
  4. T₂⊂T₁⊂T₃

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Correct answer: (A) T₂⊂T₃⊂T₁

Explanation

Every cofinite set is usual-open because finite sets are usual-closed. Every usual-open interval is a union of upper-limit basis intervals. Strictness follows from a usual interval with infinite complement and from (a,b], which is not usual-open. Hence **A**.

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