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GATE 2025 ES – Question 16

Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics · Surface Water Resources · 1 mark · Multiple choice

For flood routing: P Hydrologic routing uses continuity and momentum equations. Q Hydraulic routing uses continuity and energy equations. Choose the truth values.

  1. P true;Q true
  2. P true;Q false
  3. P false;Q true
  4. P false;Q false

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Correct answer: (D) P false;Q false

Explanation

Hydrologic routing normally combines continuity with an empirical storage–outflow relation. Hydraulic routing uses continuity and momentum equations, the Saint-Venant framework. P assigns momentum to the wrong category, and Q substitutes energy for the usual momentum equation. Therefore **both false, D**.

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