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GATE 2022 ES – Question 31

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management · Municipal Solid Waste Management · 1 mark · Multiple select

For composting kitchen peelings, select all correct statements.

  1. Vermicomposting is relatively faster than windrow composting but less frequently used at large commercial scale
  2. Windrows should be as short as possible to avoid compaction
  3. Windrows should be as tall as possible to retain temperature
  4. Earthworms facilitate microorganisms and break complex organics down through enzymatic secretions

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Correct answer: (A) Vermicomposting is relatively faster than windrow composting but less frequently used at large commercial scale; (D) Earthworms facilitate microorganisms and break complex organics down through enzymatic secretions

Explanation

**A, D** are the intended source statements: worms fragment and biologically condition suitable wastes, supporting microbial conversion. Their need for controlled moisture and moderate temperature limits some large-scale applications. Windrow dimensions require a balance of aeration, heat retention and stability; neither minimum nor maximum height is universally best. Relative processing speed depends on conditions.

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