A gaseous MX molecule has bond length 3 Å and dipole moment 10.8 D. Find its percentage ionic character (one decimal place). Use 1 D=3.336×10⁻³⁰ C m and elementary charge 1.602×10⁻¹⁹ C.
The fully ionic dipole at this distance is $er=(1.602\times10^{-19})(3\times10^{-10})=4.806\times10^{-29}$ C m, or 14.406 D. Ionic character is observed/full ionic dipole×100=10.8/14.406×100≈75.0%. The distance must be converted from Å to metres.
More Molecular Structure and Chemical Bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; Valence bond theory treatment for hydrogen molecule and linear combination of atomic orbitals – molecular orbitals (LCAO-MO) theory. Concept of hybridization and hybrid orbitals. Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2+, H2; Molecular orbital theory (MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Hückel theory, applications to simple molecules, small conjugated π-electron systems. questions
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