The GATE Grind

GATE 2020 ST – Question 31

Probability · Events and Conditional Probability · 1 mark · Numerical answer

How many standard(reduced)4×4 Latin squares exist?

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Correct answer: 4 to 4

Explanation

Fix the first row and first column in the order1,2,3,4. Each remaining row and column must contain each symbol once. Completing the second row in its three admissible forms and filling the last two rows gives four distinct completions in total. Thus there are4 reduced Latin squares. Without fixing the first row and column there would be4×4!×3!=576.

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