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GATE 2023 XH2 (English) – Question 63

Critical Theories and Intellectual Traditions · Theoretical Paradigms: Structuralism, Marxism, feminism, existentialism, poststructuralism, modernism, postmodernism, new historicism, postcolonialism, posthumanism · 2 marks · Multiple select

Ferdinand de Saussure differentiates language in terms of:

  1. langue
  2. metaphor
  3. metonymy
  4. parole

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Correct answer: (A) langue; (D) parole

Explanation

Saussure distinguishes langue (the system of a language) from parole (individual speech). Metaphor and metonymy are Jakobson's axes.