GATE 2023 CE (CE2) – Question 45
Match the following air pollutants with the most appropriate adverse health effects:
| Air pollutant | Health effect to human and/or test animal |
|---|---|
| P. Aromatic hydrocarbons | I. Reduce the capability of the blood to carry oxygen |
| Q. Carbon monoxide | II. Bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema |
| R. Sulfur oxides | III. Damage of chromosomes |
| S. Ozone | IV. Carcinogenic effect |
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Correct answer: (D) P-IV, Q-I, R-II, S-III
Explanation
Match each pollutant with its documented health effect.
- **P, aromatic hydrocarbons** (such as benzene and benzo[a]pyrene): known **carcinogens**. P-IV.
- **Q, carbon monoxide:** binds to haemoglobin about 200 times more strongly than oxygen, forming carboxyhaemoglobin and **reducing the blood's capacity to carry oxygen**. Q-I.
- **R, sulphur oxides:** irritate the respiratory tract and are linked with **bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema**. R-II.
- **S, ozone:** a strong oxidant that, in laboratory and animal studies, **damages chromosomes** (with lung irritation). S-III.
Match: **P-IV, Q-I, R-II, S-III** (option D).