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GATE 2026 MA – Question 48

Linear Algebra · Eigenvalues and Canonical Forms · 2 marks · Multiple select

Nonzero real 3×3 matrices P,Q are simultaneously upper triangularizable by the same nonsingular S. Let K=PQ−QP. Which statements hold?

  1. K is invertible.
  2. K is nilpotent.
  3. I+K is invertible.
  4. If K≠0, K is diagonalizable.

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Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: (B) K is nilpotent.; (C) I+K is invertible.

Explanation

The commutator of two upper-triangular matrices is strictly upper triangular, with zero diagonal. Thus K is similar to N with N³=0, proving B. Then $(I+K)^{-1}=I-K+K^2$, proving C. A fails since all eigenvalues are zero; a diagonalizable nilpotent matrix must be zero, refuting D for nonzero K. **B,C**.

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