Correct answer: (B) p_i′=5(i+1)p_(i+1)−5ip_i,p_N′=−5Np_N; p_i(0)=0 for i≠N,p_N(0)=1.
Explanation
For i<N,inflow from i+1 is 5(i+1)p_(i+1) and outflow is 5ip_i;the top state has only outflow. Starting with N individuals gives a unit mass at N. These yield **B**,where the interior equations apply for i=0,…,N−1. The source implicitly takes X(0)=N.
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