GATE 2021 MA – Question 9

General Aptitude · Analytical Aptitude: Logical Reasoning, Deduction and Analogy · 2 marks · Multiple choice

All bacteria are microorganisms. All pathogens are microorganisms. Conclusions: I some pathogens are bacteria; II all pathogens are not bacteria. Which option is logically correct?

Only I is correct
Only II is correct
Either I or II is correct
Neither I nor II is correct

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Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: (C) Either I or II is correct; (D) Neither I nor II is correct

Explanation

The official key accepts **C OR D** as alternative MCQ answers. The premises do not fix whether pathogens and bacteria overlap, so neither conclusion separately follows, supporting D. Under the intended reading of II as “no pathogens are bacteria,” I and II form an exhaustive complementary pair, supporting C’s “either” reading. The wording creates this distinction; both official alternatives are preserved.

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