The GATE Grind

GATE 2026 ES – Question 23

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management · Municipal Solid Waste Management · 1 mark · Multiple choice

Which is NOT part of proximate analysis of municipal solid waste?

  1. Volatile matter
  2. Ash content
  3. Carbon to nitrogen ratio
  4. Moisture content

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Correct answer: (C) Carbon to nitrogen ratio

Explanation

Proximate analysis separates moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash by prescribed heating steps. A carbon-to-nitrogen ratio instead uses elemental composition and is useful for biological treatment and composting. It is not a proximate-analysis parameter. Therefore **C**.

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