Environmental Management and Sustainable Development · Energy and Environment · 2 marks · Numerical answer
Annual gasoline use is 30.6 million tons. Gasoline density is 850 kg/m³;ethanol has 67% of gasoline’s energy per equal volume. Sugarcane ethanol yield is 3750 L/ha, and 100 ha=1 km². Find land needed for full replacement in integer km².
Gasoline mass is $30.6\times10^9$ kg and volume is $30.6\times10^9/850=36\times10^6$ m³=$36\times10^9$ L. Equal energy requires ethanol volume $36\times10^9/.67$ L. Divide by 3750 L/ha and by 100 ha/km²: $A=143283.5821$ km²,rounded **143284 km²**. The67% energy fraction requires more ethanol volume than gasoline volume.
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