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GATE 2022 ES – Question 28

Environmental Chemistry · Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry · 1 mark · Multiple select

For Gibbs free-energy change ΔG, select all correct statements.

  1. ΔG=0 implies reaction only in one direction
  2. ΔG=0 means equilibrium
  3. ΔG<0 favours forward reaction
  4. ΔG>0 does not favour spontaneous forward reaction

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Correct answer: (B) ΔG=0 means equilibrium; (C) ΔG<0 favours forward reaction; (D) ΔG>0 does not favour spontaneous forward reaction

Explanation

At constant temperature and pressure, negative reaction ΔG favours the forward direction and positive ΔG the reverse direction. At equilibrium ΔG=0, with no net directional driving force. Therefore **B, C, D**. This criterion concerns thermodynamic spontaneity, not reaction speed.

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