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GATE 2021 ES – Question 21

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development · Sustainable Development · 1 mark · Multiple choice

The product-life diagram shows material extraction→production→distribution→use→end of life. Scope P covers production only, Q extraction through production, R the entire chain. Which statement is true?

Diagram for GATE 2021 ES question 21
  1. R is cradle-to-grave
  2. P is cradle-to-gate
  3. Q is gate-to-grave
  4. R is gate-to-gate

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Correct answer: (A) R is cradle-to-grave

Explanation

Extraction is the cradle and end-of-life disposal the grave. R spans both endpoints, so **A**. P is gate-to-gate, and Q is cradle-to-gate. The scope boundaries determine the life-cycle assessment label.

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