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GATE 2020 MA – Question 45

Topology · Connectedness and Compactness · 2 marks · Multiple choice

With Euclidean induced metrics, let $X=\{(0,0)\}\cup\{(x,\sin(1/x)):x\ne0\}$ and $Y=\{(0,0)\}\cup\{(x,x\sin(1/x)):x\ne0\}$. Let Bₓ,Bᵧ be their open unit balls about the origin. I: the closure of Bₓ in X is compact. II: the closure of Bᵧ in Y is compact.

  1. Both I and II are true.
  2. I is true but II is false.
  3. I is false but II is true.
  4. Both I and II are false.

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Correct answer: (C) I is false but II is true.

Explanation

For X, choose points tending to a missing limit (0,c) with 0 < |c| < 1 along oscillations of sin(1/x). They lie in the unit ball eventually but have no convergent subsequence in X, so I is false. The graph defining Y is continuous at zero because $|x\sin(1/x)|\leq|x|$. It is closed in R²; the closure of its unit ball is a closed bounded subset of that graph and hence compact. Thus II is true, giving C.

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