As x₁ approaches 1 the mixture becomes pure component 1. In the pure-liquid standard state γ₁ tends to 1, and the excess Gibbs energy relative to ideal mixing tends to zero. Hence the first limit is zero, A; the stated activity-coefficient limits in C and D are incorrect.
More Properties of mixtures: partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties, activity coefficients questions
GATE 2025 CH Q32– The following data is given for a ternary ABC gas mixture at 12 MPa and 308 K: Component i…
GATE 2024 CH Q32– Consider a binary mixture of components A and B at temperature T and pressure P. Let V A…
GATE 2023 CH Q41– The enthalpy (H, in J mol-1) of a binary liquid system at constant temperature and…
GATE 2022 CH Q29– 5 moles of liquid benzene, 8 moles of liquid toluene and 7 moles of liquid xylene are…
GATE 2022 CH Q48– The molar excess Gibbs free energy (gE) of a liquid mixture of A and B is given by gERT =…
GATE 2021 CH Q49– A gaseous mixture at 1 bar and 300 K consists of 20 mol% CO 2 and 80 mol% inert gas.…