Each step replaces every segment by 5 segments that are one third as long. After iteration $n$ there are $5^n$ segments, each of length $\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n$, so the total length is $\left(\frac{5}{3}\right)^n$. This agrees with iteration 1 ($5 \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{5}{3}$) and iteration 2 ($25 \times \frac{1}{9} = \frac{25}{9}$).
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