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GATE 2023 XH5 (Psychology) – Question 51

Motivation, Emotion and Stress and Coping · Approaches to Motivation: Instinct, drive-reduction, arousal, incentive, humanistic, achievement and intrinsic motivation, aggression, curiosity and exploration · 2 marks · Multiple choice

Match the theories in the first column with the central themes in the second column of the table given below.

TheoriesCentral themes
P) Drive theoryi) Our general level of activation leads to optimization
Q) Arousal theoryii) Behaviour is determined by desirable outcomes
R) Expectancy theoryiii) Setting specific and challenging goals boosts motivation
S) Goal setting theoryiv) Biological needs push us to action
  1. P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(ii), S-(iii)
  2. P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(iii), S-(ii)
  3. P-(i), Q-(iv), R-(ii), S-(iii)
  4. P-(ii), Q-(iii), R-(i), S-(iv)

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Correct answer: (A) P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(ii), S-(iii)

Explanation

Drive theory: biological needs push action (iv). Arousal theory: an optimal level of activation (i). Expectancy theory: desirable outcomes guide behaviour (ii). Goal-setting theory: specific, challenging goals raise motivation (iii).