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GATE 2025 XH2 (English) – Question 35

Critical Theories and Intellectual Traditions · Indian Literary and Aesthetic Traditions: Rasa, dhvani, vakrokti, alamkara, riti, aucitya and other indigenous frameworks · 1 mark · Multiple select

Which among the following is/are synonymous with vibhāva (determinant) in the rasa theory?

  1. kāraṇa (cause)
  2. nimitta (instrument)
  3. hetū (reason)
  4. pariṇāma (outcome)

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Correct answer: (A) kāraṇa (cause); (B) nimitta (instrument); (C) hetū (reason)

Explanation

Bharata's vibhāva is the cause of a rasa, and it is explained with the words kāraṇa, nimitta and hetu. Pariṇāma (outcome) is the opposite of a cause.