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GATE 2022 ME (ME2) – Question 6

General Aptitude · Analytical Aptitude: Logical Reasoning and Deduction · 2 marks · Multiple choice

Fish belonging to species S in the deep sea have skins that are extremely black (ultra-black skin). This helps them not only to avoid predators but also sneakily attack their prey. However, having this extra layer of black pigment results in lower collagen on their skin, making their skin more fragile.

Which one of the following is the CORRECT logical inference based on the information in the above passage?

  1. Having ultra-black skin is only advantageous to species S
  2. Species S with lower collagen in their skin are at an advantage because it helps them avoid predators
  3. Having ultra-black skin has both advantages and disadvantages to species S
  4. Having ultra-black skin is only disadvantageous to species S but advantageous only to their predators

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Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: (C) Having ultra-black skin has both advantages and disadvantages to species S

Explanation

**What the passage states.**
- The ultra-black skin (pigment) helps the fish avoid predators and sneak up on prey: this is a **benefit**.
- The extra pigment lowers collagen, so the skin is more fragile: this is a **cost**.

**Testing the options.** The correct inference must follow from both facts and must not claim more than the passage says.
- The passage does not say the camouflage comes from the low collagen. It says the black pigment gives the camouflage and also causes the low collagen. So any option that credits the fragility with the benefit is wrong.
- The skin gives the fish an advantage (camouflage for defence and attack) but also a disadvantage (fragility), so it has **both benefits and costs**.

That is what option C states.