A circular tank of diameter 4 m holds water to depth 3 m. Assuming almost steady flow and no losses, find time to empty through a 5 cm diameter central bottom hole. Use g = 9.81 m/s², nearest integer seconds.
Torricelli gives exit speed $v=\sqrt{2gh}$. With tank area A and hole area a, $A\,dh/dt=-a\sqrt{2gh}$. Integrating from H to zero gives $t=(A/a)\sqrt{2H/g}=(4/0.05)^2\sqrt{6/9.81}=5005.0$ s. **5005, A**.
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