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GATE 2024 MA – Question 48

Functional Analysis · Hilbert Spaces · 2 marks · Multiple select

In real ℓ²(ℤ) with usual inner product, T sends x to y with y_j=(x_j+x_(−j))/2. Which statements hold?

  1. T is compact.
  2. ‖T‖=1.
  3. T is self-adjoint.
  4. Range(T) is closed.

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Correct answer: (B) ‖T‖=1.; (C) T is self-adjoint.; (D) Range(T) is closed.

Explanation

Reflection Rx=(x_(−j)) is a self-adjoint isometry with R²=I. Thus T=(I+R)/2 is the orthogonal projection onto even sequences. Its nonzero projection norm is 1, it is self-adjoint and its range is closed. The even subspace is infinite-dimensional, so its projection is not compact: orthonormal even sequences remain separated. **B,C,D**.

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