To construct a wall, sand and cement are mixed in the ratio of 3:1. The cost of sand and that of cement are in the ratio of 1:2. If the total cost of sand and cement to construct the wall is 1000 rupees, then what is the cost (in rupees) of cement used?
Take 3 units of sand at 1 unit of cost per unit and 1 unit of cement at 2 units of cost per unit. The costs are 3 and 2, a total of 5, and the cement is $\frac{2}{5}$ of it: $\frac{2}{5} \times 1000 = 400$ rupees.
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