Solar irradiance varies400–750 W/m² and maximum PV efficiency is 14%. Cell Voc=21.6 V, Isc=3.22 A, fill factor.72. Find minimum cell area ensuring the maximum stated output over that irradiance range, in m²,to three decimals.
Maximum electrical output from the cell specification is $P_{max}=V_{oc}I_{sc}FF=21.6(3.22)(.72)=50.07744$ W. To supply it even at the minimum irradiance400 W/m²,the required area is $A=P_{max}/(.14\cdot400)=.89424$ m²,rounded **.894 m²**. Using750 W/m² would size only for the brightest condition, not the key’s minimum-irradiance interpretation.
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