A double-acting hydraulic cylinder has bore 76 mm and rod diameter 25 mm. Pump flow is 40 L/min during either stroke. Find retraction velocity in m/s, to two decimals. Use π=3.14.
Retraction uses the annular area $A=3.14(.076^2-.025^2)/4=.004043535$ m². Flow is $40\times10^{-3}/60=.000666667$ m³/s. Hence $v=Q/A=.16487$ m/s, or **.16 m/s**. Using the full bore area would describe extension.
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