For C. botulinum, reference process F₀=150 s and z=10°C. Can cold-spot temperatures are71.1°C during0–20 min,98.9°C during20–40 min, and 110°C during40–70 min. Find equivalent sterilization duration at 121.1°C in minutes, to two decimals.
Equivalent reference time is $F=\sum\Delta t\,10^{(T-121.1)/z}$. Thus $F=20(10^{-5})+20(10^{-2.22})+30(10^{-1.11})=\mathbf{2.45}$ min. This is about 147 s, close to the stated150 s reference target. Actual elapsed process duration is 70 min;the equivalent duration at 121.1°C is the quantity consistent with the official key.
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