Mining Geology, Mine Development and Surveying · Mine Development · 1 mark · Numerical answer
A 3×2.8 m development heading uses 2.4 m holes, pull factor 0.95 and swell factor 1.20. Find loose blasted-rock volume per round in m³ to two decimals.
Effective advance is 2.4×0.95=2.28 m. Bank volume is 3×2.8×2.28=19.152 m³. Apply the bulking ratio 1.20 to obtain 22.9824 m³ loose volume, or 22.98. Swell changes bulk volume rather than extracted mass.
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