S sends a 10⁶-bit file through routers R₁,R₂ over three 1 Mb/s links, each 100 km long with propagation speed 10⁸ m/s. The file is split into 1000 packets of 1000 bits. Find total time for store-and-forward delivery.
Each packet takes 1 ms to transmit on each link, and each link adds 1 ms propagation. The first packet arrives after 3×(1+1)=6 ms. Pipelining then delivers one packet per millisecond, adding 999 ms for the remainder. Total is 1005 ms, A, assuming no additional processing/queueing delays.
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