The nitro group activates the adjacent benzylic methyl group for base-promoted condensation with diethyl oxalate. This gives the ortho-nitrophenyl pyruvate framework in P. Zinc/acetic acid reduces the nitro group, and the resulting nitrogen cyclizes onto the adjacent carbonyl-containing side chain. Dehydration/aromatization produces ethyl indole-2-carboxylate Q, the Reissert indole sequence. The pair with side-chain condensation and indole formation is C.
More Heterocyclic Compounds: Nomenclature of mono- and bicyclic, as well as mono- and di-heteroatomic compounds, Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline. questions
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