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GATE 2026 CE (CE2) – Question 43

Hydrology · Reservoir capacity, flood estimation and routing, surface runoff models · 2 marks · Multiple select

Types of flood routing and methods are given in the table below.

Column 1: Type of Flood RoutingColumn 2: Method
(P) Hydrologic routing(i) Muskingum method
(Q) Hydraulic routing(ii) Modified Pul's method
(R) Reservoir routing(iii) Method of Characteristics
(S) Channel routing

Option(s) giving the CORRECT match(es) between Column 1 and Column 2 is/are:

  1. (P) – (i) ; (Q) – (iii) ; (R) – (ii)
  2. (Q) – (i) ; (R) – (iii) ; (S) – (ii)
  3. (P) – (i) ; (R) – (ii) ; (S) – (i)
  4. (P) – (ii) ; (Q) – (iii) ; (R) – (ii)

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Correct answer: (A) (P) – (i) ; (Q) – (iii) ; (R) – (ii); (C) (P) – (i) ; (R) – (ii) ; (S) – (i); (D) (P) – (ii) ; (Q) – (iii) ; (R) – (ii)

Explanation

Hydrologic routing uses the continuity equation with a storage relationship, and both the Muskingum method (for channels) and the modified Puls method (for reservoirs) belong to it. Hydraulic routing solves the full flow equations, for example by the method of characteristics. So reservoir routing goes with modified Puls, channel routing with Muskingum, and hydraulic routing with characteristics. Options A, C and D contain only correct pairs. Option B has hydraulic routing with the Muskingum method, reservoir routing with characteristics and channel routing with modified Puls, all wrong.