GATE 2022 BT – Question 53
Introduction of foreign genes into plant cells can be carried out using
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Correct answer: (A) Agrobacterium; (C) Electroporation; (D) Gene gun
Explanation
Methods of introducing foreign genes into plant cells:
- **A. Agrobacterium:** transfers T-DNA from its Ti plasmid into plant cells (the commonest natural vector). ✓
- **B. CaCl₂-mediated plasmid uptake:** the standard way of making **bacterial** cells competent. It is not a method for plant cells. ✗
- **C. Electroporation:** electric pulses open pores in protoplast membranes so DNA can enter. ✓
- **D. Gene gun (biolistics):** DNA-coated metal particles are shot into cells or tissue. ✓
Answer **A, C and D**.
Official GATE 2022 answer key: https://gate2026.iitg.ac.in/doc/download/Answer_keys2022/bt_2022.pdf