Match P pipe-in-pipe;Q shell-and-tube;R1–2 shell-and-tube;S crossflow exchanger, to 1 air cooling,2 simultaneous co-/counter-current exchange,3 large flow,4 small exchange area.
Double-pipe exchangers suit small required areas;multiple-tube shell exchangers suit large flows. One shell pass with two tube passes includes regions of co-current and counter-current exchange. Crossflow is common in air cooling. Thus **P–4,Q–3,R–2,S–1,D**.
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