GATE 2023 ES – Question 15
Consider I Eukaryotic photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and energy-yielding breakdown in cytoplasm/mitochondria. II The same organelles occur in prokaryotes. III Oxygen-independent partial glucose oxidation to pyruvate is glycolysis, present in all organisms. IV Complete glycerol oxidation to citrate is glycolysis. Choose the correct option.
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Correct answer: (A) I and III correct
Explanation
Eukaryotic photosynthetic cells use chloroplasts and respiration involves cytoplasm/mitochondria. Prokaryotes lack those membrane-bound organelles, so II is false. Glycolysis is the oxygen-independent glucose-to-pyruvate pathway, not glycerol-to-citrate oxidation. The official introductory-biology answer is **I and III, A**; III’s all-organisms wording is a textbook generalization with metabolic exceptions.