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GATE 2023 ES – Question 45

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management · Municipal Solid Waste Management · 2 marks · Multiple select

For aerobic composting:I Anaerobic pockets cause most odor problems;II All organic carbon fully degrades in 14 days;III High C/N releases ammonia and inhibits activity;IV Optimum moisture is 50–60%,with dryness slowing biology and excess water impeding aeration. Select correct options.

  1. I, IV correct
  2. II, III incorrect
  3. I correct;IV false
  4. II correct;IV false

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Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: (A) I, IV correct; (B) II, III incorrect

Explanation

I and IV describe normal process control. Organic carbon includes slowly degradable/recalcitrant material, so complete14-day decomposition is not guaranteed. Ammonia loss is associated with nitrogen excess/low C:N, whereas high C:N can limit nitrogen and slow decomposition. Thus II and III are incorrect. Both **A, B** are true combinations.

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