In the shown Einthoven frontal ECG triangle, augmented lead vectors bisect bipolar lead vectors. At the R-wave peak, cardiac vector M has magnitude 5 mV and points vertically downward. Find voltages in leads I and II, respectively, in mV.
Lead I is horizontal, so the downward vector projects to zero on it. Lead II runs from RA to LL, thirty degrees away from downward vertical. Its projection is 5cos30°=4.330 mV with the displayed positive polarity. Thus the ordered pair is (0,4.33), A.
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