A polar-coordinate Newton–Raphson load-flow problem has a 100×100 Jacobian and 20 PV buses, as well as PQ buses and one slack bus. The total number of buses is ________.
Each non-slack bus contributes an unknown voltage angle. Each PQ bus additionally contributes an unknown voltage magnitude; PV magnitudes are specified.
If there are nPQ PQ buses, the Jacobian order is $(n_{PQ}+20)+n_{PQ}=100$. Thus nPQ=40.
Adding the 20 PV buses and one slack bus gives **40+20+1=61 buses**.
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