Cytochrome c and ribulose 5-phosphate epimerase amino-acid sequences from 40 organisms were used to obtain a phylogenetic tree for each protein family.
[a] The two trees will not be identical.
[r] The nature and frequency of mutations in the two families are different.
Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a].
Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct reason for [a].
Correct answer: (A) Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a].
Explanation
Different protein families experience different constraints and substitution histories. Trees inferred from their sequences can consequently differ in topology or branch lengths. This is the intended basis for the keyed A: both statements true and the reason explains the assertion. Strictly, differing mutation rates do not logically guarantee different topologies; the assertion describes the expected gene-tree result rather than a theorem forbidding identical inferred trees.
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